Discussion - Member to Member Sales - Research Center
Discussion - Member to Member Sales - Research Center
When the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) came to power in Germany, the general conditions changed fundamentally in 1933.
Adolf Hitler, who was born in Upper Austria and gave up his Austrian citizenship in 1925 and became a German citizen in 1932 at the age of 43,
Despite the demand that “German Austria must return to the great German motherland” written down in his book Mein Kampf in 1924/25, he initially held back on foreign policy in this regard.
He did not want to anger Benito Mussolini as he sought an alliance with him.
Essentially organized from Germany, on July 25, 1934, Austrian National Socialists under the leadership of SS-Standarte 89 attempted the later
so-called July Putsch against the dictatorial corporate state, which failed.
Some putschists managed to get into the Vienna Federal Chancellery, where Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß was so seriously injured by gunfire that
that, left without medical help, he succumbed to his injuries a short time later.
Hitler denied German involvement in the attempted coup.
It has now been proven that he steered the preparation and gave his decisive approval a few days before the action began, despite warning voices.
Armed units had been available to provide military support in Germany since March 1934.
The decisive command then came from Munich.
Austrian diplomats presented the evidence of this to the Foreign Office and the Reichswehr Ministry in Berlin in November 1934.
However, in order not to further inflame the existing tensions, charges were not brought before the League of Nations.
The Austrian national organization of the NSDAP, which had been banned since 1933, continued to receive secret support from the German Reich after the coup attempt,
But the German regime now increasingly began to infiltrate the political system in Austria with trusted people.
These included, among others, Edmund Glaise-Horstenau, Taras Borodajkewycz and Arthur Seyß-Inquart.
After the start of Italian aggression against Abyssinia, Great Britain called for and implemented sanctions against Italy before the League of Nations in October 1935
as a result, the dissolution of the Stresa Front and the Locarno Treaties.
Mussolini was isolated internationally and pushed to Hitler's side.
For the Fatherland Front ruling in Austria, this meant the loss of an important patron, as Italy was the guarantor of Austria's state independence.
Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, successor to the murdered Dollfuß, now had to look for ways to improve relations with the German Reich.
On July 11, 1936, he concluded the July Agreement with Hitler.
The German Reich lifted the thousand-mark ban imposed as a result of the ban on the NSDAP in Austria in 1933, and imprisoned National Socialists in Austria were granted amnesty
and National Socialist newspapers were allowed again.
In addition, Schuschnigg included representatives of the National Socialists in his cabinet.
Edmund Glaise-Horstenau became Federal Minister for National Affairs, Guido Schmidt became State Secretary in the Foreign Ministry, and Seyß-Inquart was admitted to the State Council.
In 1937 the Fatherland Front was opened to the National Socialists. The NSDAP was able to reorganize itself in newly established “People’s Political Departments,” which were mostly led by National Socialists.
Connection of Austria
Since 1938, the events that the Austrian and German National Socialists carried out in March 1938 have been referred to as the “Anschluss” of Austria, or “Anschluss” for short caused the Austrofascist federal state of Austria to be incorporated into the National Socialist German Reich.
On the night of March 11th to 12th, 1938, after telephone threats from Reich Minister and Four-Year Plan representative Hermann Göring, Austrian National Socialists replaced the corporate state regime before German troops invaded.
From March 12th, Wehrmacht, SS and police units took command of the instruments of power, and on March 14th the officers of the armed forces were sworn in as Adolf Hitler.
The National Socialist federal government under Arthur Seyß-Inquart, appointed by Federal President Wilhelm Miklas under ultimate coercion that night, led
On March 13, 1938, the “Anschluss” was carried out administratively on behalf of Hitler, who had arrived in Austria the day before.
It gradually brought about the complete absorption of Austria into the German Empire and the involvement of many Austrians in National Socialist crimes.
The majority of the Austrian population greeted the “Anschluss” with jubilation; for many others, especially the Jews of Austria, the “Anschluss” meant disenfranchisement, expropriation and terror.
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The stamps
Hitler's Germany celebrated the "annexation" of Austria with a special stamp for the referendum on April 10, 1938.
It was printed in Berlin (black-green) and in Vienna (black-blue-green) and, under the slogan "One people, one empire, one leader", shows a blonde young (German) man in boots standing next to a brunette young (Austrian) man in white socks fraternally presented the swastika flag.
Mi 662
Mi 663
FDC
FDC
FDC
A second gesture from the German Empire to the collapsed Austria was the "Ostmarksatz" of November 18, 1938, which depicted Austrian landscapes and Austrian flowers and served the winter relief organization.
However, the successful series was only valid until June 30, 1939.
Mi 675-683
As a result, the "Ostmark" received philatelic honors a few more times: in 1939, the town of Braunau was allowed to show its silhouette on a stamp for Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday, and occasionally a landscape or city motif from Austria was used.
Mi 691
In the spring of 1941, Prof. Wilhelm Dachauer, who was then 60 years old, presented the trade fair city of Vienna in terms of four values, including a dancer, the Burgtheater and the Prinz Eugen monument, which was built by the National Socialists
Viennese double eagle with the Ottonian imperial crown (in the monarchy and the corporate state this was initially a heraldic imperial crown,
then surmounted by the Rudolfinian house crown) - is clearly depicted in white on green together with the logo of the Vienna Trade Fair.
Mi 768 - 771
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Even before his retirement in 1944, Prof. Dachauer designed the two most expressive of all Hitler stamps ever released - a charity stamp for Hitlers birthday in 1941 and the high supplementary values of the Hitler stamps created by Prof. R. Klein in the same year.
Mi 799-802
The former medical soldier and war painter Wilhelm Dachauer, who comes from Ried im Innkreis, played a key role in shaping the symbolic journalism of no less than four Austrian political systems represented on stamps: The Republic's first stamp with the designation "Austria" and the last stamp before the "Anschluss", the not particularly expressive "Congratulations stamp" with a bouquet of flowers and a star sign (1937) , came from him.
In addition to his award-winning "Nibelungensatz", Dachauer also created, among other things, the well-known 10-S dollfuss stamp and a number of values in the second republic including the highly heraldically interesting "Homecoming Series" (1949), described below.
The incorporation of southern Styria and southern Carinthia (Marburg, Triglav, etc.) into the Third Reich was depicted on four stamps in 1941.
The Dollfuss stamp
Nibelung set
Mi 806-809
Peter Rosegger's 100th birthday was worth two, albeit rather carelessly designed, stamps for the German Reich in 1943.
Mi 855-856
At the 7th Tyrolean State Shooting - apparently this event suffered no losses due to its paramilitary significance due to the "Anschluss" - a stamp was issued in 1944,
which shows a Tyrolean rifleman and a soldier with a light machine gun.
Mi 897-898
Six months after Stalingrad, in the month of the Stauffenberg assassination attempt on Hitler and Operation "Walküre" in Vienna, the motif similar to the first stamp for the "Ostmark" was apparently intended to continue the tradition
keep the German-Austrian brotherhood of arms alive.
Since the end of 1943, the stamps with which the "Ostmärker" who were now involved in the bombing war frank their mail have been labeled "Greater German Reich" instead of "German Reich".
In 1943 and 1944, two very widespread series appeared with realistic depictions of all German branches of arms.
Parts of the 1943 edition are printed in Vienna.
The last three stamps of the Third Reich that were issued to the counter, all in red, depict members of the "Volkssturm" ("One People Rises" - February 1945), the SA and the SS (both as of April 20, 1945).
Mi 908
Mi 909 and 910
Second Republic
The first stamps of the Second Republic in May 1945 are still existing portraits of Hitler, which were diagonally overprinted with the black lettering "Austria" and - after the intervention of the Soviet occupying power - also with a grid pattern.
3rd Viennese temporary edition
The Graz temporary edition of May 22nd attempts to make the Hitler portrait unrecognizable with the vertical overprint "Austria" and bars on the side.
Grazer imprint
The last such "temporary edition" appeared in Scheibbs on June 1, 1945 - two months after Hitler's suicide in Berlin.
scheibbs
The first stamps of the new Austria were issued in the second half of 1945.
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The last 2 post gave me a lot of trouble to place it on this forum. It took a while what the HEX-string code ment that you get back from StampoRama.
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Some other examples of German and Austrian stamps :
front and back of the postcard
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HockeyNut,
Another very informative presentation
Thanks for taking the time to put it together and sharing it with the group.
One question -
In the first set of overprints there are 2 different overprints for the green 5 pf. The font and angle of "Autstria" as well as the number of verticle lines under the 1st numeral "5". Are all denominations in both styles?
Charlie
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Hello Airline,
As far as I know is that the 5 pfennig green is in 2 versions qua angle of the overprint. See Michel Catalog.
I believe I posted some pictures before but here ther are.
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And I found a map of Austria that shows the different zones of the Allies from 1945 till 1955.
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Thank you for that great summary of the Anschluss, Hockey Nut. I have long coveted one of those 10s Dollfuss stamps, mainly because of the interesting story of his murder in 1934 by Nazi agents and the reaction of Mussolini, who blamed Hitler. One dictator blaming another for the murder of a third! In my meanderings through the stamps and postal history of the Second World War, I purchased one cover with dual German and Austrian franking. Here's the album page I created:
Bob
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Truly a nice piece of home craftsmanship Bob.
Are all your albums arranged this way?
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Thank you for the compliment, Hockey Nut!
Unfortunately, the Anschluss page I showed is not typical of what you'll find in my albums, of which I have only three or four. Such pages, although rewarding, are very time intensive to create. Instead of displaying my collection through album pages, I have mostly published web pages, created exhibits, and assembled digital slide shows for my stamp club. My web pages are Plain Jane (or, not to be chauvinistic, Plain Jim), and dedicated to stamps, postal history, and history; I create them with software designed by my son. You might enjoy looking through my website, Ephemeral Treasures. If you do go there, please, please, please notify me of any typos, dead links, missing images, etc.
Bob
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Bob,
I have read the most of it.
I was delighted to read the chapter about the Channel Islands.
Keep up the good work. 
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Austria and Nazi Germany 1933–1937
When the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) came to power in Germany, the general conditions changed fundamentally in 1933.
Adolf Hitler, who was born in Upper Austria and gave up his Austrian citizenship in 1925 and became a German citizen in 1932 at the age of 43,
Despite the demand that “German Austria must return to the great German motherland” written down in his book Mein Kampf in 1924/25, he initially held back on foreign policy in this regard.
He did not want to anger Benito Mussolini as he sought an alliance with him.
Essentially organized from Germany, on July 25, 1934, Austrian National Socialists under the leadership of SS-Standarte 89 attempted the later
so-called July Putsch against the dictatorial corporate state, which failed.
Some putschists managed to get into the Vienna Federal Chancellery, where Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß was so seriously injured by gunfire that
that, left without medical help, he succumbed to his injuries a short time later.
Hitler denied German involvement in the attempted coup.
It has now been proven that he steered the preparation and gave his decisive approval a few days before the action began, despite warning voices.
Armed units had been available to provide military support in Germany since March 1934.
The decisive command then came from Munich.
Austrian diplomats presented the evidence of this to the Foreign Office and the Reichswehr Ministry in Berlin in November 1934.
However, in order not to further inflame the existing tensions, charges were not brought before the League of Nations.
The Austrian national organization of the NSDAP, which had been banned since 1933, continued to receive secret support from the German Reich after the coup attempt,
But the German regime now increasingly began to infiltrate the political system in Austria with trusted people.
These included, among others, Edmund Glaise-Horstenau, Taras Borodajkewycz and Arthur Seyß-Inquart.
After the start of Italian aggression against Abyssinia, Great Britain called for and implemented sanctions against Italy before the League of Nations in October 1935
as a result, the dissolution of the Stresa Front and the Locarno Treaties.
Mussolini was isolated internationally and pushed to Hitler's side.
For the Fatherland Front ruling in Austria, this meant the loss of an important patron, as Italy was the guarantor of Austria's state independence.
Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, successor to the murdered Dollfuß, now had to look for ways to improve relations with the German Reich.
On July 11, 1936, he concluded the July Agreement with Hitler.
The German Reich lifted the thousand-mark ban imposed as a result of the ban on the NSDAP in Austria in 1933, and imprisoned National Socialists in Austria were granted amnesty
and National Socialist newspapers were allowed again.
In addition, Schuschnigg included representatives of the National Socialists in his cabinet.
Edmund Glaise-Horstenau became Federal Minister for National Affairs, Guido Schmidt became State Secretary in the Foreign Ministry, and Seyß-Inquart was admitted to the State Council.
In 1937 the Fatherland Front was opened to the National Socialists. The NSDAP was able to reorganize itself in newly established “People’s Political Departments,” which were mostly led by National Socialists.
Connection of Austria
Since 1938, the events that the Austrian and German National Socialists carried out in March 1938 have been referred to as the “Anschluss” of Austria, or “Anschluss” for short caused the Austrofascist federal state of Austria to be incorporated into the National Socialist German Reich.
On the night of March 11th to 12th, 1938, after telephone threats from Reich Minister and Four-Year Plan representative Hermann Göring, Austrian National Socialists replaced the corporate state regime before German troops invaded.
From March 12th, Wehrmacht, SS and police units took command of the instruments of power, and on March 14th the officers of the armed forces were sworn in as Adolf Hitler.
The National Socialist federal government under Arthur Seyß-Inquart, appointed by Federal President Wilhelm Miklas under ultimate coercion that night, led
On March 13, 1938, the “Anschluss” was carried out administratively on behalf of Hitler, who had arrived in Austria the day before.
It gradually brought about the complete absorption of Austria into the German Empire and the involvement of many Austrians in National Socialist crimes.
The majority of the Austrian population greeted the “Anschluss” with jubilation; for many others, especially the Jews of Austria, the “Anschluss” meant disenfranchisement, expropriation and terror.
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
The stamps
Hitler's Germany celebrated the "annexation" of Austria with a special stamp for the referendum on April 10, 1938.
It was printed in Berlin (black-green) and in Vienna (black-blue-green) and, under the slogan "One people, one empire, one leader", shows a blonde young (German) man in boots standing next to a brunette young (Austrian) man in white socks fraternally presented the swastika flag.
Mi 662
Mi 663
FDC
FDC
FDC
A second gesture from the German Empire to the collapsed Austria was the "Ostmarksatz" of November 18, 1938, which depicted Austrian landscapes and Austrian flowers and served the winter relief organization.
However, the successful series was only valid until June 30, 1939.
Mi 675-683
As a result, the "Ostmark" received philatelic honors a few more times: in 1939, the town of Braunau was allowed to show its silhouette on a stamp for Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday, and occasionally a landscape or city motif from Austria was used.
Mi 691
In the spring of 1941, Prof. Wilhelm Dachauer, who was then 60 years old, presented the trade fair city of Vienna in terms of four values, including a dancer, the Burgtheater and the Prinz Eugen monument, which was built by the National Socialists
Viennese double eagle with the Ottonian imperial crown (in the monarchy and the corporate state this was initially a heraldic imperial crown,
then surmounted by the Rudolfinian house crown) - is clearly depicted in white on green together with the logo of the Vienna Trade Fair.
Mi 768 - 771
4 Members
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Even before his retirement in 1944, Prof. Dachauer designed the two most expressive of all Hitler stamps ever released - a charity stamp for Hitlers birthday in 1941 and the high supplementary values of the Hitler stamps created by Prof. R. Klein in the same year.
Mi 799-802
The former medical soldier and war painter Wilhelm Dachauer, who comes from Ried im Innkreis, played a key role in shaping the symbolic journalism of no less than four Austrian political systems represented on stamps: The Republic's first stamp with the designation "Austria" and the last stamp before the "Anschluss", the not particularly expressive "Congratulations stamp" with a bouquet of flowers and a star sign (1937) , came from him.
In addition to his award-winning "Nibelungensatz", Dachauer also created, among other things, the well-known 10-S dollfuss stamp and a number of values in the second republic including the highly heraldically interesting "Homecoming Series" (1949), described below.
The incorporation of southern Styria and southern Carinthia (Marburg, Triglav, etc.) into the Third Reich was depicted on four stamps in 1941.
The Dollfuss stamp
Nibelung set
Mi 806-809
Peter Rosegger's 100th birthday was worth two, albeit rather carelessly designed, stamps for the German Reich in 1943.
Mi 855-856
At the 7th Tyrolean State Shooting - apparently this event suffered no losses due to its paramilitary significance due to the "Anschluss" - a stamp was issued in 1944,
which shows a Tyrolean rifleman and a soldier with a light machine gun.
Mi 897-898
Six months after Stalingrad, in the month of the Stauffenberg assassination attempt on Hitler and Operation "Walküre" in Vienna, the motif similar to the first stamp for the "Ostmark" was apparently intended to continue the tradition
keep the German-Austrian brotherhood of arms alive.
Since the end of 1943, the stamps with which the "Ostmärker" who were now involved in the bombing war frank their mail have been labeled "Greater German Reich" instead of "German Reich".
In 1943 and 1944, two very widespread series appeared with realistic depictions of all German branches of arms.
Parts of the 1943 edition are printed in Vienna.
The last three stamps of the Third Reich that were issued to the counter, all in red, depict members of the "Volkssturm" ("One People Rises" - February 1945), the SA and the SS (both as of April 20, 1945).
Mi 908
Mi 909 and 910
Second Republic
The first stamps of the Second Republic in May 1945 are still existing portraits of Hitler, which were diagonally overprinted with the black lettering "Austria" and - after the intervention of the Soviet occupying power - also with a grid pattern.
3rd Viennese temporary edition
The Graz temporary edition of May 22nd attempts to make the Hitler portrait unrecognizable with the vertical overprint "Austria" and bars on the side.
Grazer imprint
The last such "temporary edition" appeared in Scheibbs on June 1, 1945 - two months after Hitler's suicide in Berlin.
scheibbs
The first stamps of the new Austria were issued in the second half of 1945.
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
The last 2 post gave me a lot of trouble to place it on this forum. It took a while what the HEX-string code ment that you get back from StampoRama.
Login to Like
this post
re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Some other examples of German and Austrian stamps :
front and back of the postcard
4 Members
like this post.
Login to Like.
re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
HockeyNut,
Another very informative presentation
Thanks for taking the time to put it together and sharing it with the group.
One question -
In the first set of overprints there are 2 different overprints for the green 5 pf. The font and angle of "Autstria" as well as the number of verticle lines under the 1st numeral "5". Are all denominations in both styles?
Charlie
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Hello Airline,
As far as I know is that the 5 pfennig green is in 2 versions qua angle of the overprint. See Michel Catalog.
I believe I posted some pictures before but here ther are.
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
And I found a map of Austria that shows the different zones of the Allies from 1945 till 1955.
8 Members
like this post.
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Thank you for that great summary of the Anschluss, Hockey Nut. I have long coveted one of those 10s Dollfuss stamps, mainly because of the interesting story of his murder in 1934 by Nazi agents and the reaction of Mussolini, who blamed Hitler. One dictator blaming another for the murder of a third! In my meanderings through the stamps and postal history of the Second World War, I purchased one cover with dual German and Austrian franking. Here's the album page I created:
Bob
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Truly a nice piece of home craftsmanship Bob.
Are all your albums arranged this way?
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Thank you for the compliment, Hockey Nut!
Unfortunately, the Anschluss page I showed is not typical of what you'll find in my albums, of which I have only three or four. Such pages, although rewarding, are very time intensive to create. Instead of displaying my collection through album pages, I have mostly published web pages, created exhibits, and assembled digital slide shows for my stamp club. My web pages are Plain Jane (or, not to be chauvinistic, Plain Jim), and dedicated to stamps, postal history, and history; I create them with software designed by my son. You might enjoy looking through my website, Ephemeral Treasures. If you do go there, please, please, please notify me of any typos, dead links, missing images, etc.
Bob
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re: Der Anschluss / The Connection 1938
Bob,
I have read the most of it.
I was delighted to read the chapter about the Channel Islands.
Keep up the good work.
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